1. International Standard (NIJ Standard)
U.S. National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Standard (most widely adopted):
NIJ 0101.06 (current version):
Level I: Stops .22 LR handgun rounds, .380 ACP (velocity ≤ 320 m/s).
Level IIA: Stops 9mm FMJ, .40 S&W (velocity ≤ 340 m/s).
Level II: Stops 9mm FMJ, .357 Magnum (velocity ≤ 380 m/s).
Level IIIA: Stops .44 Magnum, high-velocity 9mm (velocity ≤ 430 m/s); protects against most handgun rounds.
Level III: Stops rifle rounds (e.g., 7.62mm NATO FMJ, velocity ≤ 840 m/s); requires hard armor plates.
Level IV: Stops armor-piercing rounds (e.g., .30-06 AP, velocity ≤ 870 m/s); requires ceramic or composite plates.
2. European Standards (EN/CEN)
EN 1522/1523 (for ballistic glass and materials):
- FB1-FB7 (handgun rounds):
FB1: Stops .22 LR.
FB4: Stops 9mm FMJ.
FB6: Stops .44 Magnum.
- BR1-BR7 (rifle rounds):
BR4: Stops 5.56×45mm NATO.
BR5: Stops 7.62×51mm NATO.
BR7: Stops 7.62×51mm AP (armor-piercing).
VPAM (Germany):
- VPAM 1-14 (more detailed), e.g.:
VPAM 3: Stops 9mm.
VPAM 7: Stops 7.62×51mm NATO.
VPAM 14: Stops 14.5×114mm AP (anti-materiel rifles)
3. Chinese Standards (GA/DOD)
GA 141-2010 (police body armor):
Level 1: Stops Type 64 pistol (7.62×17mm).
Level 2: Stops Type 79 submachine gun (7.62×25mm).
Level 3: Stops Type 56 rifle (7.62×39mm standard rounds).
Level 4: Stops Type 56 rifle (steel-core rounds).
Level 5: Stops Type 53 rifle (7.62×54mm steel-core rounds).
Level 6: Stops 12.7mm machine gun rounds (requires plates).
Military Standard (GJB): Stricter, covers Type 95 rifle (5.8×42mm) and AP rounds.\
4. Russian Standard (GOST)
GOST R 50744-95:
Class 1: Handgun rounds (e.g., 9mm Makarov).
Class 2: Submachine gun rounds (e.g., 7.62×25mm Tokarev).
Class 3: Rifle rounds (e.g., 5.45×39mm AK-74).
Class 4: 7.62×54mm R (SVD sniper rifle).
Class 5: Armor-piercing rounds (e.g., 7.62×54mm B32 AP).
Class 6: 12.7×108mm (heavy machine gun).
5. UK Standard (HOSDB)
HG1/A-FR (handgun rounds):
HG1: .22 LR.
HG2: 9mm FMJ.
RF1/RF2 (rifle rounds):
RF1: 5.56×45mm NATO.
RF2: 7.62×51mm NATO.
6. Other Regions
Australia (AS/NZS 2343): Similar to NIJ standards.
NATO STANAG 4569 (military vehicle protection):
Level 1-4: Protects against 5.56mm to 14.5mm AP rounds.
Notes
Standards evolve with weapon technology (e.g., new AP rounds require higher protection).
Actual performance depends on factors like distance, bullet shape, and material aging.
